How to Read Electrical Drawing Plans

How To Read Electrical Plans

Calibration of Reflected Ceiling Plans

Reflected ceiling plans should be fatigued at the same scale as the floor plans. Depending on the complication of the project and ceiling handling, the virtually common scale for residential and small commercial projects is i// = i'-0" (1:50 metric) and V8" = one'-0" (1:100 metric) for large commercial projects. The scale the ceiling program is drawn at should be noted and placed directly below the drawing, either next to or direct beneath the title. If an enlarged detail is needed to explain a characteristic in the ceiling, it is keyed with a note or symbol to a separate, larger-scale drawing.

The luminaires should be drawn equally simple rectangles, squares, or circles that depict the bodily fixture as closely as possible. Simplistic forms prevent ataxia in the view for ease of recognition. In nigh cases, the lighting fixture is fatigued to the calibration of the actual fixtures. However, in some cases such as miniature spotlights, the size may have to exist exaggerated, as the properly scaled unit would exist likewise modest to show up on the programme.

Fractional REFLECTED CEILING Program

An enlarged detail of a blackout shade is drawn in section view and keyed to its location in the modest-calibration reflected ceiling program.

Lighting fixtures are represented with symbols in the reflected ceiling plan and keyed to a legend showing specifications.

Drafting Standards for the Reflected Ceiling Plan

A reflected ceiling plan must clearly show all walls, partitions, and soffits that intersect with the ceiling. Information technology should also specify changes in ceiling elevations and materials, such as lights, sprinklers, smoke detectors, and HVAC diffusers that attach to or penetrate the ceiling. In drafting reflected ceiling plans, the designer should reproduce the floor plan walls and openings such as doors and windows, but without showing items such as built-in cabinetry, plumbing equipment, etc.

The lighting fixtures and other electrical features shown on the reflected ceiling program are given symbols that are keyed to a legend. It is advisable to draw in all the electrical symbols on the plan before it is dimensioned or notes are added. If not, a symbol may autumn on pinnacle of a dimension, thus requiring the dimension to be moved. Locate the light fixtures in the ceiling plan in accordance with the lighting design concept. Common types of light fixtures on the lighting program include surface-mounted, recessed, pendant, and track-mounted.

On commercial projects where in that location is a suspended ceiling, the reflected ceiling plans would show any partitions that extend through the ceiling plane as well. The ceiling grid lines (called "T" bars) should besides be shown. Other information included in the reflected ceiling program are the ceiling materials, ceiling heights, ceiling slopes, changes in ceiling heights, locations of all lighting fixtures (including get out and emergency lights), air dif-fusers and vents, admission panels, speakers, sprinkler heads (if used), and other items that touch or are function of the ceiling aeroplane.

Adjacent, the interior designer should determine how the lights in the space are to be switched. For residential or small commercial

Standard lighting and electric symbols

The ceiling filigree, also equally lights and other items located inside it, are shown to scale.

The ceiling grid, likewise as lights and other items located within it, are shown to scale.

The switching can either be shown on the reflected ceiling plan or on the electrical lighting program. The switching design should be based on how much individual control is needed and the role of the lighting. Energy conservation needs and maximum circuit loads within the circuits will likewise determine the number and location of the switches. More often than not, switches are located almost the door or opening leading into the space. Large spaces that take more than one entry may require multiple switching locations.

After locating the switches, determine which luminaires they should control and delineate this on the programme. This can exist done in 2 means, depending on the size and complication of the lighting plan.

The first method is to draw a line from the wall switch to the fixtures information technology controls. This connecting line should be dashed and curved to distinguish it from other objects and items on the drawing. Curved lines are preferred, equally straight lines may get mixed upwardly with wall lines or other items that are drawn in the program. The connecting curved line should touch the outlet or fixture symbol. The symbol for switches can exist a uncomplicated South. If a particular lighting fixture is switched from ii locations, the symbols volition be S3 to indicate that iii items (two switches and one lighting fixture) are connected electrically.

The 2nd method of showing light-fixture switching is to assign a number or letter to the switch and to place this same number in or near the light fixture shown in the ceiling program. This method is used primarily in commercial spaces, where there might exist a lot of multiple switching and other items placed on the ceiling programme, so that the use of lines (the outset method) could complicate the drawing.

After the interior designer lays out the lighting and switching, the drawing is given to an electrical engineer, who indicates the exact circuitry, wire sizes, and other specifications required for the electrical system. In residential spaces, the drawing might be given direct to the electric contractor, as the circuitry and requirements here are not as complex equally those in commercial work.

Designation of Materials

When preparing the reflected ceiling program, the designer must telephone call out types and locations of specific ceiling materials. This can exist done by placing notes on the plan, or symbols that are referenced to a ceiling textile legend. The 2 nigh mutual ceiling systems used are gypsum board ceilings that are attached to the construction in a higher place, and suspended acoustical ceilings. Other ceiling finishes might include wood facing, linear metal, or even exposed wood joists and beams. Dimensioning Reflected Ceiling Plans

As the reflected ceiling plans are generally fatigued to a scale that matches the floor plans, there is no need for a lot of dimensioning on the plan, unless ceiling breaks or changes of materials occur where they are not obviously located at a door, wall, or column location. Every bit long as the reflected ceiling plan is fatigued to scale, the dimensions of the spaces and structure tin can be reserved for the floor program. However, in some cases, the sizes of the units and the fixture locations practise need to exist dimensioned. This is particularly truthful for large expanses of gypsum board ceiling, where the scale cannot be as easily adamant equally in a gridded suspended ceiling associates (where, for example, one tin count units to locate the light fixture).

When dimensioning the reflected ceiling plan, either "stop" dimensions or "framing" dimensions can be used, but the pick must be noted on the plans. Elements such equally recessed low-cal troffers can be precisely located in the finished space. If a downlight in a gypsum wallboard ceiling is to be used, information technology generally is dimensioned to its center signal then the electrical contractor knows where to install

Fractional REFLECTED CEILING PLAN

sc: i/4"= r-o"

information technology. Alignment and management of patterns might need to be dimensioned direct on the programme. In these instances, references should be given that are easily obtainable in the field. Dimensions should be referenced from the face of a wall, cavalcade, or imaginary centerline of a room, equally illustrated in Figure 14-17.

The recessed down lights in this reflected ceiling plan are dimensioned in relation to each other and diverse wall elements and soffits.

Checklist for Reflected Ceiling Plans

General

• Title the drawing, note its calibration, and place n (or reference direction).
• If needed, develop a ceiling type material schedule and cardinal it to the plan.
• Develop a lighting symbol legend and locate it on the same canvas every bit the outset reflected ceiling plan (if more than one is required), or on a nearby sheet.
• Clean up the plan (or in CAD, turn off superfluous information) so the walls, spaces, and key codes are articulate, dark, and very legible. Don't show items unless they are on the ceiling plane or intersecting it.
• Depict in major soffits or openings in a higher place and call them out in a note, including cranium access panels.
• Pouche walls, if applicable.
• Make up one's mind on the switching patterns of the light fixtures (if the interior designer has this responsibility) and show by the curved-line method or use of numbers/messages.
• Cross-reference the reflected ceiling programme to other drawings (if applicable), carefully checking for accuracy and abyss of information.

Notations

• Annotation where the ceiling level changes or slopes if this has a directly effect on the light fixtures and their installation.
• Note special features, clearances, finished ceiling heights above finish floors, alignments, and other of import items.
• Cross-reference the programme with symbols and reference to the lighting schedule, details, and other drawings as needed.

Dimensions

• Dimension the locations of light fixtures and changes in ceiling types that are not readily apparent. Locate to such items as columns or existing walls.
• Dimension clearances, alignments, and other controlling factors.
• Dimension lighting coves and other structural lighting, or create large-scale drawings of these and cross-reference.

Electric Plans

Electrical plans tin can include electrical outlets, telephones, communication devices, and other items requiring electrical power. In small projects, these items can be shown together with the lighting. An example of this type of drawing is illustrated in Figure fourteen-18. On large commercial projects, the electric plan, often referred to as a ability or power/communication plan, shows the outlets and related electrical devices separately (Figure 14-19). In most cases, the plumbing fixtures and items such as cabinetry and other built-in items are shown in order to more closely coordinate the location of electrical power devices. In some instances, such equally in open up-role situations, designers besides prefer to show the furniture, as many times information technology relates directly to the electrical outlet locations (Figure xiv-20). The interior designer prepares the power programme and then forwards it to the electrical engineer to detail the circuitry, wire sizes, panel boxes, and other electrical specifications. On small residential plans, the drawing is given directly to the electrical contractor to install the work according to accepted practices.

The telephone and other communication systems are as well by and large shown on the electrical plan. Locations of telephones, public accost systems, computer terminals, intercommunication devices, and security systems are the responsibleness of the interior designer in consultation with specialists. The designer draws a ability/communications programme that schematically shows where power is needed for special equipment. Symbols for electrical devices are generally keyed to a fable that is on the same sheet equally the programme. The electrical engineer or other system specialists do virtually of the detailed specifications for these devices.

Electrical iv LIGHTING PLAN

In large commercial projects, a split up electrical/power programme with a legend specifies outlets and circuitry. Many architectural features and other systems are left out then that the electric plan can be easily read.

A power programme oftentimes includes telephone and other communication devices.

In big commercial projects, a carve up electrical/power plan with a fable specifies outlets and circuitry. Many architectural features and other systems are left out so that the electric program tin can be hands read.

Calibration of Electrical Plans

Electrical plans in commercial spaces are mostly fatigued at the aforementioned scale as the floor plans. The most common scale for commercial projects is V8" = fifty'-O" (i:100 metric). Yet, in complex installations, the scale might exist increased to V4" = 50'-O" (1:50 metric). The scale the plan is drawn at should be noted and placed either adjacent to or straight below the title.

Drafting Standards for Electrical Plans

Electrical plans must evidence all interior and exterior walls, stairs, and big devices, such equally furnaces, water heaters, etc., that require power. Born fixtures and cabinetry, such equally in bathrooms and kitchens, should likewise be drawn to better locate the electrical outlets and other devices. The walls should be fatigued with lighter line weights then they practise not dominate the drawing. Locate the convenience outlets on the walls where they are to exist mounted, and call out the dimension above the finished floor (A.F.F.). Remember to note any special requirements such equally weatherproof (WP), split-wired, or special-purpose connections. Mutual electric symbols are shown in Figure 14-21.

Designation of Materials

Electrical plans are primarily diagrammatic. Although they are fatigued to a scale that matches the floor plans, the electrical devices are often also pocket-size to portray in the drawing at their verbal calibration. They are drawn as an oversize symbol to be hands recognized. To keep the cartoon simple, materials such as finish flooring and other items are not delineated.

Dimensioning Electrical Plans

Electric plans are drawn to a scale that generally matches the floor plans. At that place is no need for a lot of dimensioning on the electrical plan, equally items can be located to scale on the floor plans. Nevertheless, in some cases, electrical outlets and other devices do demand to be dimensioned to accurately place them where they can be easily accessed when the edifice is occupied. This is specially truthful for large expanses of wall where the scale cannot be accurately determined by scaling the drawing. In such instances, references should be given that are easily obtainable in the field, dimensioning from the confront of a wall, column, or imaginary centerline of a room. If a horizontal dimension is not given for a wall outlet, the electrician will place it as shut as possible to the designer'due south plan. The electrician might choose to attach the outlet to a wall stud rather than locating it between 2 studs if the designer has non dimensioned a specific location.

Although most electrical outlets practice non need to be exactly located, at that place are some exceptions, such as in this bar expanse, where outlets must coordinate with equipment.

PARTIAL Electrical Programme

Checklist for Electrical Plans

Full general

• Title the cartoon, note its scale, and identify north (or reference direction).
• Championship the accompanying electrical schedule and primal it to the plan.
• Add notes to clarify whatever abbreviations that are non normally recognized.
• Make clean up the plan (or in CAD, turn off superfluous data) and so the walls, spaces, and key electric codes are clear, dark, and very legible.
• Cross-reference the electric program to other drawings and schedules, advisedly checking for accurateness and completeness of information.

Notations

• Note special situations, such as devices supplied by owner or others.
• Note special features, clearances, outlet locations above finish floors, cabinetry, and other items.
• Annotation alignments and other of import items that affect the electrical programme.

Dimensions

• Dimension location of outlets and changes in flooring or wall types that affect the outlet installation.
• Dimension outlets to walls, wall corners or intersections, and other items such every bit columns.
• Dimension the appropriate outlets to the proper distance above the finished floor (A.F.F.).
• Dimension clearances, alignments, and other decision-making factors.

The mechanical systems of a building are commonly referred to collectively as the HVAC (heating, ventilating, and air-condition-ing) system. The HVAC system ensures that the occupants of a building are provided with a comfortable environment. The arrangement does more than than provide heating for wintertime and cooling for summertime. Information technology brings in fresh air, circulates information technology through the interiors, and exhausts stale air and odors. It tin also treat air to control humidity, dust, pollen, and other undesirable conditions.

The plumbing system in a building serves a number of dissimilar functions, such equally delivering water to people and machines through pressurization (water supply), and ejecting water to be removed through gravity (drainage). Plumbing serves three basic needs: it provides water for human consumption, germ-free drainage of wastes, and mechanical systems. Water might exist used for equipment or serve an automated sprinkler arrangement, as discussed later in this chapter under plumbing plans. Some commercial buildings might also accept a storm drainage system that rids the roof or other areas of rainfall or flooding. Such systems are divide from the sanitary sewage piping and collect into a storm sewer or are routed to a curbside drainage. A building might as well have a waterfall characteristic, fountain, pond, or other decorative element that has a specialized, recirculating water system.

Mechanical and plumbing drawings involve a lot of communication, coordination, and teamwork among the diverse blueprint professionals and the contractors. The professional offices that produce the HVAC and plumbing drawings must be aware of 1

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